DEPRESSION: CHALLENGES AND TREATMENT

Abstract

Objective:  To discuss the challenges and treatment of depression through scientific evidence. Methods: This study is an integrative literature review with a qualitative approach. The search for relevant articles was conducted using the following databases: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF, and MEDLINE, with descriptors in health sciences: "Depression," " challenges," and "Treatment." Inclusion criteria were: publications from 2014 to 2024, full-text access, articles in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, and relevance to the topic. Exclusion criteria included: duplicate articles, incomplete articles, abstracts, reviews, debates, articles published in event proceedings, and articles not available in full text. Results: The review revealed significant challenges in treating depression, particularly the impact of stigma associated with the condition. Stigma remains a substantial barrier, affecting public perception and patients' self-esteem, which frequently leads to low treatment adherence. Although there have been advancements in therapeutic methods, the effectiveness of treatments can be compromised by patient resistance, influenced by both medication side effects and the lack of adequate psychosocial support. Conclusion: Depression presents multifaceted challenges that require a comprehensive approach. The review highlighted that, in addition to pharmacological advancements, it is essential to address the stigma associated with depression and promote treatment adherence through continuous psychosocial support and personalized interventions. Rehabilitation programs and early interventions are crucial for improving long-term outcomes. For more effective treatment of depression, an integrated healthcare system that combines medical treatment with psychosocial support is necessary, ensuring a thorough and patient-centered approach.