EFFECTS OF CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT: IMPACT ON COGNITION, BEHAVIOR, AND PSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENT.

Abstract

Congenital hypothyroidism is an endocrine condition characterized by partial or complete deficiency of thyroid hormones at birth. These hormones play a crucial role in the development of the central nervous system. The lack of these hormones can lead to neurological and cognitive disorders. Untreated congenital hypothyroidism is associated with cognitive deficits, learning difficulties, memory issues, attention problems, language skills, and behavioral challenges. Methodology: The research was conducted by accessing online scientific databases such as Google Scholar, National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Virtual Health Library (BVS), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) to select relevant articles using keywords related to Cognition, Behavior, Brain Development, Psychomotor Development, Congenital Hypothyroidism, Early Intervention, Hormone Replacement Therapy, and Neonatal Screening. Results: The research emphasizes the relationship between delayed treatment initiation and significant cognitive, behavioral, and psychomotor deficits, highlighting the importance of neonatal screening and immediate intervention. It also identifies a critical treatment window within the first weeks of life when the brain is rapidly developing and sensitive to hormonal deficiency. Furthermore, it underscores the influence of thyroid hormones on behavior, emotions, and motor development, emphasizing the need for early hormone replacement therapy and multidisciplinary follow-up. Final Considerations: Congenital hypothyroidism is a serious condition that requires a team of different specialists to ensure the best possible outcome for affected children.