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Abstract
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease, described by persistent inflammation of the synovial joints, which eventually leads to the destruction of joint tissue and functional disability. Objective: To evaluate the immunopathogenesis and therapeutic implications of rheumatoid arthritis. Methodology: This is a bibliographic review that included original articles and systematic reviews in English and Portuguese, which addressed the immunopathogenic aspects and management of RA, published between 2011 and 2024, selected from the PubMed, Scopus and SciELO databases. After careful selection, 23 articles were chosen to compose this bibliographic review. Results: There are several pathogenic factors that contribute to the advent of RA, such as infiltration of adaptive immune cells, the interaction between CD4+ T lymphocytes, "pathogenic" Th17 cells, and T regulatory cells (Treg) and B cells. some non-pharmacological measures, such as physical exercise and occupational therapy. Among pharmacological disciplines, the first line consists of DMARDs, as well as the use of NSAIDs and corticosteroids without pain control. Considerations: Understanding the pathogenesis of RA has advanced considerably, infiltration of adaptive immune cells revealing the complexity of the immunological mechanisms underlying the disease. Despite therapeutic advances, challenges remain, such as identifying early markers of the disease and developing more effective therapeutic interventions.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Gabriel Cavalcante Calheiros de Melo, Paulo Vytor Cardoso Nobre, Daniella Acioli Lima de França , Marcos Farias Mota, Nelson Tenorio Costa, Martha de Araujo Medeiros Pereira, Erik Gabriel Oliveira Almeida , Sarah de Oliveira Santana Almeida , Juliana de Carvalho Moreira, Jéssica Suellen Vieira Gonçalves, Lydio Clark de Carvalho Barbosa, Maria Adrielle Oliveira Teodozio, Rafaela da Matta Monteiro Costa Pinheiro