PRINCIPLES OF ANESTHETIC IMPACTS ON SPINAL SPINE FOCUSING ON PEDIATRICS: LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Spinal anesthesia is a technique widely used in pediatric surgical procedures, as it effectively blocks sensation and movement in the lower limbs and pelvis, while maintaining the patient's consciousness. However, its application in children requires specific care due to anatomical, physiological and psychological differences in relation to adults. The efficacy, safety and possible complications associated with spinal anesthesia in children have attracted increasing interest in the medical literature. In this context, a systematic review of the literature becomes essential to gather and analyze the available data, providing a complete overview of the scientific evidence on the use of spinal anesthesia in children. Objective: Critically considers studies published in the last 10 years on pediatric spinal anesthesia. We hope to analyze the effectiveness, safety, complications and clinical results associated with this technique in the pediatric population and contribute to improving clinical practice and safety of surgical procedures involving children. methodology: The systematic literature search was carried out according to the PRISMAS checklist guidelines, we used four databases: PubMed, Scielo, Web of Science and we searched for articles published in the last 10 years. Five descriptors were applied: “spinal anesthesia”, “pediatrics”, “effectiveness”, “safety” and “complications”. The Inclusion Criteria were: Studies published in the last 10 years; Studies that investigated spinal anesthesia in pediatric patients (age ≤ 18 years) and Studies that reported data related to the efficacy, safety or complications of spinal anesthesia in children. The exclusion criteria were as follows: studies in languages ​​other than Portuguese and English; studies in which data were insufficient or not publicly available; and studies that focused exclusively on adults or did not present data specific to the pediatric population. The results revealed that the systematic review encompassed a total of 15 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate the overall effectiveness of spinal anesthesia in children, with satisfactory anesthetic success rates and an acceptable safety profile. Complications, when they arose, were generally mild and temporary. Additionally, the review identified specific risk factors that may influence the effectiveness and safety of spinal anesthesia in children. In conclusion, it is suggested that this technique is effective and safe in children, generally presenting manageable complications. However, more studies are needed to deepen the understanding of risk factors and improve clinical practice. This review provides useful information for healthcare professionals working in pediatric anesthesia and highlights the importance of adapting anesthetic methods for this specific population.