EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF CHILDREN WITH PNEUMONIA IN ESPÍRITO SANTO BETWEEN 2018 AND 2023

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Pneumonia is a clinical syndrome characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma, being the main infectious cause of death in children worldwide. In Brazil, pneumonia is considered the third cause of infant mortality. Coordination of care for children with pneumonia is essential, enabling early diagnosis and treatment, as well as continuity of care. OBJECTIVE: To identify socioeconomic, environmental and clinical factors of pediatric patients affected by pneumonia, focusing on the state of Espírito Santo. METHOD: Cross-sectional research, with a qualitative and quantitative approach, with data from January 2018 to August 2023. Data collection was carried out through the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS), hosted at DATASUS). The research participants were children from Espírito Santo with pneumonia, aged 0 to 9 years. RESULTS: In relation to the number of hospitalizations, black and brown race/color lead hospitalizations with a total of 65.20% of hospitalizations. In relation to hospitalizations by sex, in a total of 18,883 hospitalizations, 53.22% were male and 46.78% female. Assessing age, of the total of 18,883 hospitalizations, it was noticed that the majority were patients aged 1 to 4 years old with 54.52% of hospitalizations, under one year old 30.73% and 5 to 9 years old were 14.75%. of hospitalizations. CONCLUSION: The vast majority of cases were urgent. Of these, more than half of the hospitalizations occurred in the age group of 1 to 4 years. Furthermore, the highest number of deaths also occurred in this age group. Therefore, it is important to highlight the need for early diagnosis, identifying signs and symptoms in children, in order to reduce emergency hospitalizations and, concomitantly, the number of deaths from this disease.