Fatores Genéticos e Epigenéticos no Câncer Colorretal Hereditário e Esporádico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2025v7n2p1784-1794Palavras-chave:
Câncer colorretal, Genética, Epigenética, Rastreamento.Resumo
O câncer colorretal (CCR) é uma das neoplasias mais prevalentes no mundo, com uma etiologia multifatorial que envolve fatores genéticos e epigenéticos. No CCR hereditário, como na síndrome de Lynch, mutações em genes de reparo do DNA aumentam significativamente o risco da doença. Já no CCR esporádico, alterações epigenéticas, como a hipermetilação do promotor de genes supressores tumorais, contribuem para a instabilidade genômica e a progressão tumoral. Além da predisposição genética, fatores ambientais, como dieta, obesidade e inflamação crônica, desempenham um papel fundamental na modulação da expressão gênica e nas modificações epigenéticas associadas ao desenvolvimento da neoplasia. O rastreamento precoce, principalmente por meio da colonoscopia, é essencial para a redução da incidência e da mortalidade, especialmente em indivíduos com predisposição genética. Avanços na identificação de biomarcadores genéticos e epigenéticos possibilitam um diagnóstico mais precoce e uma abordagem terapêutica personalizada, incluindo o uso de imunoterapias e estratégias de quimioprevenção. Dessa forma, a compreensão integrada dos fatores genéticos e epigenéticos no CCR contribui para um manejo mais eficaz da doença, permitindo melhores desfechos clínicos e reduzindo seu impacto na saúde pública.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Calina Helena Paiva de Barros Cunha, Gabriela Santos de Souza, Patricia Nunes Crispim, Luiza Carneiro Mota
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Os autores são detentores dos direitos autorais mediante uma licença CCBY 4.0.
