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Introdução: As vacinas de RNA mensageiro (mRNA) revolucionaram o campo da imunização, destacando-se durante a pandemia de COVID-19 devido à sua rápida produção e alta eficácia. Este artigo revisará os avanços tecnológicos, comparará a eficácia das vacinas de mRNA com outras plataformas vacinais e discutirá as oportunidades e obstáculos associados a essa tecnologia promissora. Objetivo: Investigar, interpretar e revisar os achados sobre a eficácia das vacinas de mRNA, comparando-a com outras plataformas vacinais, bem como realizar um levantamento sobre seu mecanismo de imunogenicidade, evidenciando possíveis vantagens e desvantagens de empregar seu uso. Metodologia: Utilizou-se a base Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), sob os descritores mRNA vaccine; COVID-19; efficacy, com seleção de artigos de revisão e artigos originais, seguindo critérios de elegibilidade. Foram encontrados 1176 textos, com seleção inicial 507, dos quais restaram 39 artigos elegíveis. Resultados: As vacinas de mRNA demonstraram uma superioridade notável em termos de imunogenicidade, particularmente na indução de respostas robustas de anticorpos neutralizantes e células T, além de sua rápida adaptabilidade para novas variantes e patógenos. Em comparação com vacinas inativadas e baseadas em vetores virais, as vacinas de mRNA oferecem uma imunidade mais forte e duradoura, embora as primeiras ainda desempenhem um papel importante em termos de acessibilidade e custo. O futuro da imunização parece promissor com a possibilidade de vacinas de mRNA se expandirem para outros campos, como imunoterapia para câncer e prevenção de doenças autoimunes. Contudo, desafios logísticos e de segurança continuam sendo áreas-chave de pesquisa e desenvolvimento, especialmente no contexto de pandemias globais.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Izabella Costa Almeida Mariuzzo , Jhonathan Machado Bertholasce , Ana Paula Santos Almeida , Douglen de Oliveira Resende, Filipe Coimbra Ribeiro Lima