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Abstract
Introduction: Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have revolutionized the field of immunization, standing out during the COVID-19 pandemic due to their rapid production and high efficacy. This article will review technological advances, compare the efficacy of mRNA vaccines with other vaccine platforms, and discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with this promising technology. Objective: To investigate, interpret, and review findings on the efficacy of mRNA vaccines, comparing them with other vaccine platforms, as well as conducting an assessment of their immunogenicity mechanisms, highlighting the potential advantages and disadvantages of their use. Methodology: The Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed) database was used, with the descriptors mRNA vaccine; COVID-19; efficacy, selecting review and original articles according to eligibility criteria. A total of 1,176 texts were found, with an initial selection of 507, of which 39 articles were deemed eligible. Results: mRNA vaccines demonstrated remarkable superiority in terms of immunogenicity, particularly in inducing robust neutralizing antibody and T-cell responses, as well as their rapid adaptability to new variants and pathogens. Compared to inactivated and viral vector-based vaccines, mRNA vaccines offer stronger and longer-lasting immunity, although the former still play an important role in terms of accessibility and cost. The future of immunization appears promising, with the potential for mRNA vaccines to expand into other fields, such as cancer immunotherapy and the prevention of autoimmune diseases. However, logistical and safety challenges remain key areas for ongoing research and development, especially in the context of global pandemics.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Izabella Costa Almeida Mariuzzo , Jhonathan Machado Bertholasce , Ana Paula Santos Almeida , Douglen de Oliveira Resende, Filipe Coimbra Ribeiro Lima