Impact of Endometriosis on the Quality of Life and Mental Health of Women of Reproductive Age: An Integrative Review

Abstract

Endometriosis is a chronic and inflammatory gynecological condition characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. It primarily affects women of reproductive age and is associated with debilitating symptoms such as chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility. These symptoms negatively impact quality of life (QoL) and are often linked to emotional changes and psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety. This study aims to investigate, through an integrative literature review, the impact of endometriosis on the quality of life and mental health of women of reproductive age. The review was conducted using the databases SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, and BVS, focusing on publications between 2020 and 2025. The descriptors used were: endometriosis, quality of life, mental health, and women. Inclusion criteria comprised studies published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, with a population range between 15 and 49 years old. After applying eligibility criteria, 18 articles were selected. The analysis of the studies revealed that endometriosis significantly impairs quality of life, especially in the physical, emotional, and social domains. Recurrent pelvic pain interferes with daily activities, interpersonal relationships, and sexual life, generating feelings of frustration, isolation, and low self-esteem. Several studies reported an increased prevalence of depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and chronic stress among women with endometriosis. Multidisciplinary interventions, including psychological support and complementary therapies, proved effective in improving QoL. Endometriosis has a significant and multifactorial impact on the lives of women of reproductive age, affecting not only physical health but also emotional and psychological well-being. Treatment approaches must be comprehensive, considering both the clinical and psychosocial aspects of the patient. The promotion of public health policies aimed at early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and psychological support is essential to improve health outcomes for these women.