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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroimmunological disease that affects the central nervous system and poses a significant challenge for both patients and healthcare professionals. This review article examines advances in the diagnosis and treatment of MS, highlighting their importance for clinical practice. In the context of diagnosis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a crucial tool, enabling the early detection of central nervous system lesions. Advances in MRI, including techniques such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted MRI, have improved diagnostic accuracy. Regarding treatment, immunomodulatory therapies such as beta interferons and disease-modifying agents (DMTs) have proven effective in reducing relapses and symptom control. Additionally, personalized therapy is emerging as a promising trend, recognizing the variability in response among patients. Disability progression is a central concern in MS management, and therapies like ocrelizumab have shown significant slowing of this process, especially in patients with primary progressive MS. The search for biomarkers, such as neurofilament light (NfL) and chemokines, offers the possibility of predicting MS progression and adjusting treatment on a personalized basis. In summary, advances in the diagnosis and treatment of MS have positively impacted the quality of life of patients. Precision medicine is on the horizon, promising more effective and personalized therapies. Healthcare professionals must stay updated with the latest evidence to provide the best care for MS patients.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Renata Silva Diniz , Mariana Queiroz Cunha Marques , Sofia Amaral Chaves , Giovanna Pacheco de Magalhães Froes , Beatriz Amaral Chaves