Keywords
Histology
Muscle strength
How to Cite
Abstract
Smooth muscle is composed of long, spindle-shaped cells with a central nucleus. These fibers are found in various parts of the body, such as the digestive tract, blood vessels and uterus. Unlike striated muscle, smooth muscle has a three-dimensional arrangement of actin and myosin myofilaments. It is classified into multiunit smooth muscle, where fibers contract independently, and unitary smooth muscle, where fibers contract together. Objective To investigate the structure and function of smooth muscle fibers, in addition to exploring their histological and ultrastructural characteristics in different tissues of the body. Methods Selective staining techniques for optical and electron microscopy were used, observing tissue sections to identify the characteristics of collagen, reticular and elastic fibers. The presence of smooth muscle fibers in hernia sacs and peritoneal tissues was also analyzed through biopsies and histopathological studies.Results Smooth muscle contraction occurs by sliding of myofilaments, without T tubules and with a reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum. This muscle synthesizes collagen and elastic fibers, and receives nerve endings from the autonomic nervous system. In connective tissue, different types of collagen and elastic fibers were identified, each with specific color characteristics and ultrastructural pattern. It was observed that smooth muscle fibers are present in 65.4% of hernia sacs and in 19.04% of specimens from the abdominal cavity. Conclusion The presence of smooth muscle fibers in the hernia sac suggests that these fibers can contribute to elasticity and tensile strength, being a possible factor in the successful use of the hernia sac as reinforcement in hernia repair. The complex structure of smooth muscle fibers and their ability to regenerate highlight their importance in the functionality and maintenance of the tissues where they are present.
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