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Abstract
Mood disorders, including depression and bipolar disorder, pose significant challenges to global mental health. This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for these complex conditions, based on evidence available as of September 2021. Depression is characterized by symptoms such as persistent sadness, loss of interest, fatigue, and feelings of hopelessness. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) have proven effective in treatment, along with antidepressant medications when necessary. Personalized approaches and consideration of somatic symptoms are essential. Bipolar disorder involves extreme mood fluctuations, including manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium are often prescribed, along with psychotherapy tailored to bipolar disorder. Psychoeducation plays a vital role in relapse prevention. The findings underscore the importance of an integrated approach, including both psychological and pharmacological therapies, to optimize clinical outcomes. However, variability in case severity and treatment responses makes it challenging to establish rigid guidelines. In a landscape where mental health is paramount, understanding the nuances of depression and bipolar disorder is essential to improve the quality of life for those affected and provide the necessary support. This article provides a comprehensive insight into these mood disorders, offering valuable insights for mental health professionals, researchers, and individuals living with these challenging conditions.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Thalita Baptisteli Fernandes , Larissa Rodrigues do Carmo , Matheus Araujo , Sara Almeida Moreira , Jessica Pereira Macêdo