Generalized Anxiety Disorder: from diagnosis to treatment.

Abstract

Introduction: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is one of the most prevalent anxiety disorders, characterized by excessive worry and physical and cognitive symptoms that impact the quality of life of individuals. The diagnosis of GAD is challenging, as it depends on subjective clinical criteria and can be confused with other psychiatric disorders. Thus, it is essential to use standardized instruments and careful evaluations for accurate identification. The objective of this article is to review the literature on GAD, covering everything from its diagnosis to the available therapeutic options. The methodology adopted consisted of a narrative literature review, based on the analysis of articles published between 2015 and 2025, selected from databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and Lilacs. Studies addressing diagnostic criteria, therapeutic interventions, and new approaches to the treatment of GAD were included, while non-systematic reviews, theses, and dissertations were excluded. Discussion: it was evident that the diagnosis of GAD is based on the DSM-5 and ICD-11 criteria, and it is essential to differentiate it from other anxiety disorders. Regarding treatment, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is the most effective psychological approach, helping to modify dysfunctional thought patterns. In addition, Mindfulness-Based Interventions have been gaining prominence in emotional regulation and reduction of anxiety symptoms. Pharmacotherapy, especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), remains a fundamental strategy, especially in more severe cases. However, adherence to treatment still represents a challenge, requiring personalized approaches for each patient. Conclusion: It is understood that GAD is a complex condition that requires a careful diagnosis and individualized treatment. Integration between different therapeutic modalities, combining psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, can provide better results. However, more research is needed to optimize management strategies and expand access to appropriate treatment. . Investment in awareness and early interventions is essential to minimize the impact of GAD on the mental health of the population.