Keywords
Hospitalization
Child
Epidemiology
How to Cite
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an acute infection of the lung parenchyma acquired outside the hospital setting. Despite advancements in immunization, CAP remains one of the leading causes of pediatric hospitalizations worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To analyze and describe the epidemiological profile of children hospitalized by pneumonia in the Southeast region of Brazil between 2020 and 2024. METHODOLOGY: This is a descriptive, retrospective, and quantitative epidemiological study on children hospitalized by pneumonia in the Southeast region, from January 2020 to December 2024. The data were obtained from the SIH/SUS through DATASUS. The selected variables were: region/federative unit, processing year, age group, sex, color/race, care type, and total cost. These data were processed and organized using Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word. RESULTS: Between 2020 and 2024, 298,920 pneumonia-related hospitalizations in children were recorded in the Southeast region. São Paulo had the highest number of hospitalizations (46.16%), while Espírito Santo recorded the lowest (5.48%). The year 2020 had the lowest number of hospitalizations (9.50%), and 2022 saw the highest peak (26.77%). The most affected age group was 1 to 4 years, accounting for 47.96%. There was a slight predominance of the male sex (53.20%), and self-identified mixed-race individuals were the most affected group (48.50%). The total expenditure on the disease was R$ 354,253,710.39, with 97.96% of cases classified as urgent care. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the persistent relevance of pneumonia-related hospitalizations in children in the Southeast region. The epidemiological profile indicates higher incidence among boys, children aged 1 to 4 years, mixed-race individuals, and residents of São Paulo. It is essential to ensure access to preventive measures, such as vaccination, and improve healthcare services to reduce the incidence and economic impacts associated with pneumonia.
References
BRAGA, P. F. et al. Internações infantis por pneumonia de 2019 a 2023 no Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Health Review, v. 7, n. 9, p. e76346, 2024.
BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. DATASUS. Tabnet – Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/SUS). Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2025. Disponível em: http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/cgi/deftohtm.exe?sih/cnv/niuf.def. Acesso em: 5 jan. 2025.
GUIMARÃES, E. G. et al. PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DAS CRIANÇAS COM PNEUMONIA NO ESPÍRITO SANTO ENTRE 2018 E 2023. Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences, v. 5, n. 5, p. 6104–6112, 2023.
IBGE – INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA. Panorama do Censo 2022. Disponível em: https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/. Acesso em: 5 jan. 2025.
LIMA, Talya Aguiar et al. PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS ÓBITOS NA FAIXA ETÁRIA PEDIÁTRICA POR PNEUMONIA, NO BRASIL, NO PERÍODO DE 2019 A 2023. Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences, v. 6, n. 4, p. 259-271, 2024.
MAGANHIN LUQUETTI, C. et al. Pneumonia adquirida na comunidade em crianças: etiologia, patogênese e tratamento ambulatorial. Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences, v. 6, n. 8, p. 3538–3549, 2024.
NASCIMENTO-CARVALHO, C. M. Community-acquired pneumonia among children: the latest evidence for an updated management. Jornal de pediatria, v. 96 Suppl 1, p. 29–38, 2020.
NUNES, S. E. A. et al. Hospitalization costs of severe bacterial pneumonia in children: comparative analysis considering different costing methods. Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil), v. 15, n. 2, p. 212–219, 2017.
RIBEIRO, Maria Clara Ferreira et al. ANÁLISE EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DA PNEUMONIA EM CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES: PERÍODO DE 2019 A 2023. Revista CPAQV Centro de Pesquisas Avançadas em Qualidade de Vida, v. 16, n. 2, 2024.
SANTOS, A. P. L. M. DOS et al. Bacterial pneumonia in children: An integrative review. Em: Eyes on Health Sciences V.02. [s.l.] Seven Editora, 2024.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gabriel Barreto Ferreira Moreira, Raissa Mitie Suzuki, Larissa Pena Assis, Júlia Lemos Vilela de Almeida, Lívia Schneider Gonçalves, Rafaela Fonseca Forti, Lara Luísa Duarte Moura, Leandro Souza da Rosa