IMPACTS OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN PATIENTS WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME: LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age and is one of the main causes of infertility. In addition to endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive complications, PCOS has a significant impact on the mental health of patients, with a high prevalence of depression and anxiety. Methodology: The methodology consisted of a narrative review of the literature, based on articles published between 2020 and 2024, selected from the PubMed and Virtual Health Library databases, using the descriptors “polycystic ovary syndrome” AND “depression” and “polycystic ovary syndrome” AND “anxiety”. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, several relevant studies were analyzed. Results and discussion: The results indicated that women with PCOS have a higher risk of depression due to the interaction of hormonal, metabolic, and psychosocial factors. Hyperandrogenism, obesity, and insulin resistance contribute to changes in neurotransmission, worsening depressive symptoms. Social aspects, such as the stigma of infertility and the impact of physical appearance, also play a crucial role. Studies have shown that up to 72% of women with PCOS suffer from sexual dysfunction, exacerbating low self-esteem and emotional distress. Adolescents with PCOS are especially vulnerable, presenting a higher probability of depression compared to healthy adolescents. Final considerations: It is concluded that PCOS causes significant impairments in the physical and mental quality of life of patients. Multidisciplinary interventions are essential to address both physical and psychological aspects, with emphasis on psychological monitoring. Future studies are needed to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the mental disorders associated with PCOS.