EPIDEMIOLOGY AND SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT THYROID NEOPLASM TREATED AT THE MURIAÉ CANCER HOSPITAL - MG

Abstract

Malignant thyroid neoplasms have increased in incidence in recent decades, representing the fifth most common neoplasm in women in Brazil. The epidemiological factors linked to thyroid cancer are still unknown worldwide. It is known that family history, previous cervical radiation and an iodine-deficient diet are risk factors for the emergence of this neoplasm. As a general objective, the work aims to outline the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic profile at the Muriaé Cancer Hospital - MG. Data were collected through the electronic medical records of the hospital in question. The analysis was carried out using descriptive

statistics, using Fisher's test indicating associations between variables. The inclusion criteria were patients treated between January 2010 and December 2020, who had histological characteristics and surgical procedure in their medical records. The exclusion criteria were based on diagnoses such as goiter, adenoma, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and patients who did not undergo cancer treatment. With 161 constituents in the research, the average age of participants was 46 years old and the predominance of 78.26% (126) female patients. When associated with the Mann-Whitney U test the relationship between sex and age, there was significance (p = 0.002), suggesting that sex influences the diagnostic age. Total thyroidectomy was performed by 98.14% (158) of patients, and hypothyroidism was present in 16.15% (26) of all patients analyzed. There is a lack of this information in the medical records, as it is known that all patients who underwent total thyroidectomy will later present hypothyroidism, and it is not possible to estimate the data with patients who underwent partial thyroidectomy. Regarding the histological type, the data obtained confirm findings in the literature where there are reports that more than 90% of patients diagnosed with Thyroid Cancer are carriers of Differentiated Carcinoma, in the research it was possible to verify that carriers of this classification corresponded to 93.97% (151). Of the patients who underwent iodine therapy, 57.76% (93) of patients underwent iodine therapy as an adjuvant treatment, a treatment that is becoming less and less indicated. The majority of patients, totaling 24.22% (39), underwent follow-up after diagnosis in less than a year. Thyroid cancer has high survival rates, as we can see, since only 1.86% (3) of patients died during treatment.