Use of Thrombolytics in Emergency Care: Impact on the Prognosis of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of global mortality, requiring rapid interventions to minimize cardiac damage. Early reperfusion, through primary angioplasty or thrombolytic therapy, is essential to reduce complications and improve prognosis. In settings with limited access to percutaneous intervention, thrombolytics become a viable alternative. This study aims to analyze the impact of thrombolysis in emergency settings, highlighting its benefits, challenges, and the role of pre-hospital care in optimizing clinical outcomes. The search engines Scielo and PubMed were used for article selection, employing the keywords “Fibrinolytics; Myocardial Infarction; Thrombosis.” It is concluded that thrombolytic therapy is a relevant alternative in the treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), especially when primary angioplasty is unavailable. Studies show that early fibrinolysis reduces morbidity and mortality, but its effectiveness depends on administration timing and patient selection. In Brazil, logistical challenges hinder rapid access to percutaneous intervention, making pre-hospital thrombolysis a promising strategy. However, hemorrhagic complications and the need for rescue angioplasty require well-established protocols to optimize clinical outcomes.