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Abstract
A esquizofrenia é um transtorno psiquiátrico crônico e multifatorial, cuja fisiopatologia tem sido cada vez mais associada à neuroinflamação. Evidências crescentes indicam que a ativação da microglia e o aumento da expressão de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, como IL-6, TNF-α e IL-1β, desempenham um papel central na desregulação sináptica e na neurodegeneração observadas na doença. Além disso, biomarcadores inflamatórios têm sido investigados como potenciais alvos terapêuticos. Este estudo revisou artigos publicados entre 2015 e 2025 que exploram a relação entre neuroinflamação e esquizofrenia, com ênfase em novas abordagens terapêuticas imunomoduladoras. Os achados indicam que a modulação do sistema imune, por meio do uso de fármacos anti-inflamatórios, imunomoduladores e até mesmo da suplementação de vitamina D, pode contribuir para a redução da inflamação neuronal e a melhora dos sintomas psiquiátricos. Entretanto, desafios como a variabilidade individual na resposta inflamatória e a necessidade de padronização na identificação de biomarcadores ainda precisam ser superados antes que essas estratégias possam ser amplamente implementadas na prática clínica.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Thaís Azevedo Santos, Dianny Sabino Furtado de Carvalho, Isleide Maria de Santana Silva, Rebeca Tarradt Rocha Almeida, Maria Eduarda Pinto Morais, Jamylle Macias Siqueira de Barros, Thomas Roberto Formiga de Almeida, Matheus Gomes de Sousa, Laylla Gabrielly De Lacerda Sousa, Juliana Bandeira de Souza Fernandes, Amanda de Queiroz Menezes, Itan Araújo Pereira, Mariana Valença Collier Padilha Pinto, Lara Correia Aires