The Influence of Systemic Arterial Hypertension on Complications in Dialysis Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in hospitalizations due to complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those undergoing dialysis therapy. The literature highlights Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) as a relevant risk factor for renal and cardiovascular complications. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of SAH on hospitalizations due to complications in dialysis patients with CKD, as well as to investigate other factors associated with these events. This is a retrospective and quantitative study, based on secondary data extracted from the Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/DATASUS) and the Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL). The results indicated stability in the annual average prevalence of SAH but a significant increase in hospitalizations due to complications in CKD patients in Brazilian capitals. Statistical analysis revealed a weak positive correlation (r = 0.535) between SAH and hospitalizations, suggesting the influence of other factors. In addition to cardiovascular phenomena, complications related to dialysis procedures and clinical events such as electrolyte imbalance, arrhythmias, infections, chemical intoxications, hemorrhages, and hemolysis were identified. These findings reinforce the need for a multifactorial approach in managing these patients, enabling more efficient strategies and targeted investments in public policies to reduce complications and improve the quality of life of individuals with CKD.