INFLUÊNCIA DA MICROBIOTA ORAL NO SUCESSO DOS IMPLANTES DENTÁRIOS

Abstract

The oral microbiota plays a determining role in the success of dental implants, directly influencing osseointegration, peri-implant health, and the occurrence of inflammatory complications. The composition of the microbial biofilm on implantable surfaces results from the interaction between individual patient factors, such as a history of periodontitis, oral hygiene quality, and immune response, and the characteristics of the implant itself, including material and surface topography. The balanced presence of commensal microorganisms favors implant stability and bone regeneration, while dysbiosis, characterized by the excessive growth of pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, is associated with the development of mucositis and peri-implantitis. This study aims to investigate how the oral microbiota influences the success of dental implants by analyzing microbial factors associated with osseointegration, peri-implant health, and the occurrence of inflammatory complications. The methodology used in this study was a bibliographic review. The oral microbiota directly influences the success of dental implants, playing a fundamental role in osseointegration and maintaining peri-implant health. The balance between commensal and pathogenic microorganisms determines implant stability, while dysbiosis, characterized by the increase of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, is associated with inflammatory processes that compromise the longevity of rehabilitation. Factors such as oral hygiene, history of periodontitis, and the characteristics of the implanted material influence the composition of the peri-implant biofilm, while the host's immune response is crucial in the progression of diseases such as mucositis and peri-implantitis. The control of these factors through preventive and therapeutic strategies has proven essential in minimizing inflammatory complications and improving clinical outcomes.