Keywords
shunt
proGAV shunt
gravitational valve
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction: Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) primarily affects older adults, causing gait disturbances, cognitive decline, and urinary incontinence, thereby compromising quality of life. Its pathophysiology involves alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow. The standard treatment, ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS), is associated with more complications compared to gravitational devices, which have emerged as a promising alternative.Objective: This study aimed to analyze the scientific literature regarding the applicability of gravitational devices in the treatment of NPH.Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, SciELO, Virtual Health Library, and The Cochrane Library databases, following the PRISMA protocol. The keywords “gravitational valves” OR “proGAV shunt valve” AND “normal pressure hydrocephalus” were used, filtering for full-text articles published between 2000 and 2024. Of the 72 articles identified, 54 were excluded due to thematic irrelevance, unavailability of full text, or duplication, resulting in 18 publications for analysis.Results: The final sample comprised 18 scientific articles selected based on inclusion criteria: full-text availability in Portuguese, English, or Spanish within the established time frame. The scientific literature indicates that gravitational valves have excelled in managing NPH by reducing complications from excessive drainage, such as subdural hematomas, through pressure adjustments according to body position. Studies like SVASONA demonstrated that these valves are more effective than traditional programmable valves in minimizing drainage-related complications, leading to better clinical outcomes and improved quality of life. The choice of the optimal device depends on the patient’s condition, with gravitational valves being preferred for mobile patients.Conclusion: Gravitational valves, such as the proGAV, offer significant advantages in managing NPH by controlling excessive drainage and adapting to body positions. However, additional studies are necessary to validate their short- and medium-term benefits and their efficacy in improving patient quality of life.
References
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