THE ROLE OF CHALLENGES IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD).

Abstract

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a respiratory condition with high morbidity and mortality, impacting quality of life and overburdening healthcare systems globally. This study reviewed the literature to address key challenges in COPD diagnosis and management, highlighting issues such as underdiagnosis, comorbidity management, and treatment adherence. While spirometry is the gold standard for diagnosis, barriers such as limited equipment access and lack of professional training hinder its widespread application, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Additionally, the coexistence of comorbidities, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, worsens the prognosis and requires more personalized therapeutic approaches. Recent advances, such as combined therapies and phenotype-based clinical protocols, have shown promising results, reducing exacerbations and improving clinical outcomes. However, treatment adherence remains a challenge due to factors such as high medication costs and adverse effects. This study emphasizes the need for integrated strategies to expand access to early diagnoses, promote pulmonary rehabilitation, and encourage public policies, such as anti-smoking campaigns and environmental control. Future research should explore the impact of emerging technologies and focus on strategies for vulnerable populations, aiming to reduce the global burden of COPD. These approaches are crucial to improve patients' quality of life and longevity.