ANÁLISE EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DA MORBIMORTALIDADE DA NEOPLASIA MALIGNA DE ESÔFAGO NA REGIÃO SUDESTE ENTRE 2013 E 2023

Abstract

Introduction: Malignant esophageal neoplasm is the sixth most common cancer in men and the fifteenth in women in Brazil. The majority of these cases are squamous cell carcinoma, with smoking and alcohol consumption as the main risk factors. Adenocarcinoma, related to Barrett's esophagus, has gastroesophageal reflux and obesity as the primary risk factors. The diagnosis is often late, complicating treatment and prognosis. The high mortality and scarcity of epidemiological studies on this condition in the Southeast region between 2013 and 2023 highlight the need for research to better understand the disease patterns and improve prevention and treatment strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional, ecological study on the number of hospital admissions and deaths related to malignant esophageal neoplasm in the Southeast region. The Hospital Information System was used, covering the years 2013 to 2023, provided by the Department of Information and Informatics of the Unified Health System. The following variables were considered: hospital admissions and deaths due to malignant esophageal neoplasm, geographic region, age group, gender, race/color, and staging. Results: Between 2013 and 2023, 193,451 hospital admissions for malignant esophageal neoplasia were recorded in Brazil, mainly concentrated in the Southeast (47.74%) and South (26.9%) regions, while the North had the lowest incidence (2.52%). During this period, 31,315 deaths occurred, with 50.4% in the Southeast. The most affected age group was between 50 and 69 years, responsible for the majority of admissions and deaths, as well as the male gender, which accounted for 79.11% of the admissions. Conclusion: A higher prevalence of hospital admissions and deaths due to malignant esophageal neoplasm was observed in the Southeast compared to other regions, primarily affecting men between 50 and 69 years of age and the brown population, both in morbidity and mortality. Therefore, epidemiological knowledge is essential for prevention, public awareness, and the training of healthcare professionals, aiming for early diagnosis and improved prognosis.