PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE PACIENTES COM CÂNCER DE CÓLON NA ÚLTIMA DÉCADA NO BRASIL

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Colon cancer is one of the leading neoplasms worldwide and in Brazil, with over 40,000 new cases reported in 2023. The increase in incidence is associated with population aging, unhealthy lifestyle habits, and inequalities in access to early diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological profile of colon cancer in Brazil, focusing on factors such as incidence, mortality, risk factors, and regional disparities, while proposing strategies to address the challenges faced. METHODOLOGY: A systematic literature review and analysis of secondary data from DATASUS, the Mortality Information System (SIM), and indexed articles from the last 10 years. Studies on colon cancer incidence, mortality, and risk factors in Brazil were included. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The results indicate higher prevalence among individuals over 50 years old, particularly women. The Southeast region accounts for the majority of cases, while the North and Northeast regions face significant challenges in early diagnosis. Low adherence to screening programs contributes to late-stage diagnoses, compromising survival rates. Unequal access to treatment and incomplete health records highlight challenges in infrastructure and healthcare system organization. CONCLUSION: Regional inequalities shape the epidemiological profile of colon cancer in Brazil, with limited access to diagnosis and treatment in the North and Northeast regions. Strategies such as expanding early screening, health education, and improving infrastructure are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality and promote equity in oncology care.