Keywords
melanocytes
depigmented lesions
How to Cite
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired disease of unknown cause, in which there is selective destruction of melanin-producing cells (melanocytes) and is characterized by depigmented patches that can vary in number, size, shape and location. Vitiligo is a multifactorial disease that has genetic, autoimmune and environmental hypotheses regarding its etiopathogenesis, with the autoimmune hypothesis being the most accepted (Furtado, Oliveira & Muller, 2017). The site of onset of depigmented lesions and their distribution tend to reach more frequently the region of the head, limbs and trunk, respectively, and the least affected are the mucous membranes. The average age of disease onset is around the second to third decade of life (Nunes & Esser, 2011).
Vitiligo is divided into two groups, which are non-segmental and segmental. The non-segmental type comprises focal, mucosal, acrofacial, common and universal forms. The segmental group has only the segmental clinical type, which generally affects only one hemibody and has a slower response to non-surgical treatment than the non-segmental type. Regarding the diagnosis of the disease, it should be noted that the patient's history and physical examinations form the basis of the investigation. A method that helps in the diagnosis is the cutaneous biopsy that reveals the absence of melanocytes in the affected areas, another fundamental exam is the exam carried out with a Wood lamp in patients with white skin, for a better detection of the affected areas (LOPES, 2006).
The treatment of vitiligo is to prevent the disease from progressing, in addition to stimulating pigmentation. Topical corticosteroids in monotherapy constitute the first line in the treatment of localized unstable vitiligo, with recent lesions and lesions on the face showing the best response. Furthermore, calcineurin inhibitors proved to be effective and safe in the treatment of vitiligo in both children and adults, in addition to phototherapy and Excimer laser, which showed good results in the treatment of vitiligo.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Maurilio de Aguiar Cordeiro, Manuela Zandonadi Caliman, Rodrigo Lagares da Silva Basso, Roberta Bissoli Saleme, Julia Cazelli Passos Ricardo , Camila Melo de Freitas , Beatriz Barreira Nunes Rodrigues Kawaguti , Yasmim Fernandes Mota da Rocha , Stefan Cezar Rocha, Rodrigo Daniel Zanoni