Prevention of Childhood Obesity: An Integrative Review of Approaches and Outcomes

Abstract

Childhood obesity has become a significant public health issue in many countries, due to its negative impact on both physical and psychological health in children, as well as its role in increasing the risk of chronic diseases later in life. Preventing childhood obesity involves a range of integrated approaches aimed at promoting healthy eating habits, encouraging physical activity, and improving the socioeconomic and educational environments of children.

Among the most common strategies are nutritional education programs, implemented both in schools and within families, which aim to raise awareness about the importance of a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and with controlled intake of ultra-processed foods. Regular physical activity is also promoted to increase calorie expenditure and combat sedentary behaviors, which are often linked to excessive use of electronic devices.

Studies and systematic reviews indicate that multicomponent programs, which combine nutritional education with physical activity promotion, are more effective in reducing the prevalence of childhood obesity. Parental involvement in these programs has proven to be a key factor for long-term success, as parents directly influence their children's eating habits and lifestyle choices.

Moreover, public policy interventions, such as regulating the advertising of unhealthy foods targeted at children and improving the nutritional quality of meals provided in schools, have also shown promising results.

In summary, preventing childhood obesity requires an integrated approach that combines education, physical activity, and public health policies. The involvement of multiple stakeholders—families, schools, and governments—is essential for the successful implementation of these actions. When coordinated effectively, these efforts can significantly contribute to reducing childhood obesity rates and promoting healthy habits from an early age.