Angioresonance in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism: A Literature Review.

Abstract

Introduction: Pulmonary embolism (PE) presents a clinical challenge due to its nonspecific symptoms, which can be confused with other diseases. In the U.S., it causes approximately 300,000 deaths annually, making it the third leading cause of cardiovascular death. Timely diagnosis is essential, although pulmonary CTA, the current standard, has limitations such as radiation exposure, leading to the emergence of MR angiography (MRA) as a potential alternative. Objective: This review aims to analyze the effectiveness of MRA in diagnosing PE and explore its future clinical implementation potential. Methodology: Scientific databases like PubMed and Scopus were used to gather relevant literature from 2014 onward. Selected studies included original articles and systematic reviews that specifically addressed MRA in PE diagnosis. Results: MRA, as compared to CTA, shows potential as a viable alternative for some patients due to its lack of radiation exposure and iodinated contrast requirements. Studies demonstrate MRA's high sensitivity and specificity, particularly beneficial in cases where CTA presents risks or is inconclusive. MRA's ability to offer multiphasic imaging and evaluate parenchymal perfusion makes it a promising tool. However, high costs and technical demands limit widespread use. Recent advancements are improving MRA's efficiency and reducing scan times, potentially making it more accessible. Conclusions: MRA is a viable option for diagnosing PE, particularly for patients where CTA is unsuitable. Despite its high cost and need for trained personnel, technological advancements may position MRA as a frontline diagnostic tool in the future.