Diagnostic approach and therapeutic procedures in Basal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent form of skin cancer, characterized by its slow growth and low probability of metastasis. Despite its generally indolent behavior, BCC represents a clinical challenge due to its high incidence and aesthetic impact, especially in visible areas of the body. Objective: This study aims to perform a comprehensive literature review on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the management of basal cell carcinoma, aiming to update and consolidate clinical practices to promote better and sustainable therapeutic results. Methodology: An exploratory and qualitative literature review was carried out, searching databases such as PubMed, MedlinePlus, among others, using specific descriptors. The selection of studies focused on publications between 2016 and 2023, covering scientific articles, monographs, and dissertations relevant to the topic. Results and Discussion: The review identified that the main risk factors for BCC include UV exposure, genetic and behavioral factors. Early diagnosis is crucial and benefits from techniques such as dermoscopy and histopathology. In terms of treatment, Mohs surgery is highlighted as the gold standard for lesions in critical areas, while other options include topical treatments and systemic therapies for advanced cases. Technological innovations have improved the diagnosis and treatment of BCC, including the use of artificial intelligence for analysis of dermoscopic images. Final Considerations: The management of BCC continues to evolve with diagnostic and therapeutic advances, increasing the efficacy of treatments and the quality of life of patients. Prevention strategies, such as sun protection and public education, are essential to reduce the incidence of BCC. Continuous research and integration of new technologies are essential to optimize care and treatments, addressing the heterogeneity of this skin cancer and improving clinical outcomes.