NEUROFIBROMA PLEXIFORME MEDIASTINAL INFANTIL: UM ACHADO INCIDENTAL

Abstract

Introduction: This case report addresses plexiform neurofibroma, a rare benign tumor that originates in the sheaths of peripheral nerves and which, although more common in superficial regions, can occur in deep areas such as the mediastinum, presenting diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Methodology: Data collection was carried out through a detailed analysis of the patient's medical records, with information about the clinical history, imaging exams and surgical procedure, in addition to interviews with legal guardians. Case description: 7-year-old patient, incidentally diagnosed with mediastinal plexiform neurofibroma during a computed tomography scan performed to investigate flu-like symptoms. The tumor was located in the posterior mediastinum, firmly attached to the thoracic aorta, and was removed by videothoracoscopy. Discussion: The location of neurofibroma in the mediastinum is uncommon and, despite being benign, the tumor presents surgical challenges due to its proximity to vital structures. The choice for a minimally invasive approach was appropriate and is in line with the literature on the management of mediastinal tumors. Conclusion: The case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and minimally invasive surgical treatment, in addition to the need for long-term follow-up, considering the risk of recurrence or malignant transformation.