DIFFICULT AIRWAY: POSSIBLE STRATEGIES - INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

The article examines strategies for managing difficult airways, a critical condition that can compromise oxygenation and endanger the patient’s life. The integrative review covers assessment tools, technological advancements, and educational aspects that directly influence clinical outcomes. Among the technological advances, videolaryngoscopes are highlighted for improving visualization and increasing intubation success rates, especially in challenging anatomies, alongside second-generation supraglottic devices that provide effective ventilation alternatives in cases of intubation failure. Bronchoscope-guided intubation is recognized as the gold standard in specific scenarios, though it requires advanced technical skills.

The systematic application of algorithms is emphasized as a practice that reduces intervention time and improves outcomes, supported by simulation training, which prepares teams for real-life high-pressure situations. Invasive techniques, such as cricothyroidotomy, are considered last-resort options, with challenges in ensuring their safe execution. In addition to technical skills, the article underscores the importance of effective communication and teamwork in successfully managing complex cases.

It concludes that, despite advancements, clinical variability and the unpredictability of difficult airways demand continuous training, the integration of new technologies, and the application of systematized practices to mitigate risks and improve outcomes.