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Abstract
Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), commonly known as high blood pressure, increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and is a major risk factor for mortality. However, hypertension is also one of the most important modifiable risk factors for preventing cardiovascular diseases. In Brazil, hypertension is the most prevalent disease in the population and the leading cause of death. According to the Ministry of Health, the prevalence of hypertension increased by 3.7% over 15 years, affecting 26.3% of the adult population in 2021. Between 2010 and 2020, there were 551,262 deaths attributed to hypertensive diseases. Alarmingly, only 50% of individuals are aware they have high blood pressure, and only half of them receive treatment. Hypertension remains a critical health concern, and its reduction lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Although pharmacological interventions are commonly used to lower blood pressure, lifestyle changes, including the incorporation of resistance exercise in its various forms, may be considered a first-line therapy, as recommended by several governmental health bodies. This study aimed to conduct an integrative review of the literature on the influence of resistance exercise in preventing systemic arterial hypertension. A search for scientific articles was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, BVS, and SciELO, using the keywords: resistance exercise, hypertension, and prevention. Studies from 2010 to 2023 were selected to capture a wide range of perspectives on hypertension prevention.
The conclusion is that resistance exercise is effective in significantly reducing blood pressure levels, improving endothelial function, and enhancing the oxidative/antioxidative balance. This form of exercise can be an important tool for controlling cardiovascular risk factors, benefiting various age groups, from adolescents to elderly individuals with sarcopenia, and promoting long-term vascular health. Therefore, resistance exercise can be integrated into health promotion and hypertension prevention programs as an accessible and effective alternative.
References
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