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Abstract
Introduction: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a complex condition that develops after traumatic events, severely affecting the quality of life of individuals. The condition is associated with several symptoms such as re-experiencing, avoidance, changes in cognition and mood, and hyperarousal. Therapeutic management is challenging, involving both psychotherapeutic and pharmacological approaches. However, many patients do not respond well to available treatments, especially to common medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Objective: This study aims to comprehensively review current and emerging pharmacological strategies in the treatment of PTSD, exploring options beyond SSRIs to improve clinical outcomes and personalization of therapies. Methodology: An exploratory and qualitative literature review was conducted in the PubMed, MedlinePlus, SciELO, LILACS and Google Scholar databases, using specific descriptors related to the pharmacological management of PTSD. The review period covered publications from 1980 to 2023, focusing on articles discussing pharmacological management. Twenty-five studies were selected after applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results and Discussion: The research highlighted the etiological complexity of PTSD, including neurobiological and psychosocial factors. Comorbidities, such as depression and anxiety disorders, complicate the management of PTSD. Diagnosis is based on DSM-5 criteria, with CAPS-5 being the main assessment tool. In terms of treatment, in addition to SSRIs, agents such as venlafaxine, prazosin, quetiapine, ketamine, and cannabidiol are under study, showing potential to treat specific symptoms of PTSD. Response to treatment varies, suggesting the need for personalized approaches that combine pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Final Considerations: Effective management of PTSD requires a multidisciplinary and personalized approach that considers the peculiarities of each case. Research remains crucial to develop more effective and less invasive treatments. The commitment of health professionals to evidence-based practices is essential to improve the quality of life of individuals affected by this pathology.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Ana Bárbara Resende, Marina Mota de Oliveira Madruga, Hanna Rebeca de Jesus Araújo Castelhano, Fabíola Mara Corgosinho Lacerda, Sophia Belato, Evelyn Viviane de Oliveira Bacarreza Rojas, Adriana da Silva Matta Oliveira, Ederson Ferreira da Cruz, Carolina Bugiato Faria Salge, Felipe Da Cruz Plachi