Therapeutic approach of neuroprotectors in Parkinson's Disease

Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that primarily impacts dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, causing motor and non-motor symptoms that significantly affect patients' quality of life. Existing therapies, focused primarily on alleviating symptoms, fail to modify the course of the disease, highlighting the need for approaches that also include neuroprotection. Objective: This study aims to perform a comprehensive literature review on the therapeutic strategies of neuroprotectors in Parkinson's disease, with the aim of contributing to the development of treatments that not only alleviate symptoms but also modify disease progression. Methodology: An exploratory and qualitative literature review was conducted in the PubMed, MedlinePlus, SciELO, LILACS, and Google Scholar databases, using specific descriptors to identify relevant studies published between 1993 and 2023. Inclusion criteria focused on studies that discussed therapeutic approaches to neuroprotectors, while exclusion criteria removed studies that were not directly related or that were not available in full. Results and Discussion: PD is characterized by a multifactorial etiology that includes both genetic and environmental factors. The review identified that despite the potential demonstrated in preclinical models, many neuroprotectors have not shown consistent efficacy in clinical trials. Approaches such as monoamine oxidase B inhibitors, antioxidants, and dopamine agonists have mixed results, suggesting the need for further research to confirm their neuroprotective effects. Emerging strategies, including gene and cell therapies, show promise but face significant safety and efficacy challenges. Final Considerations: The development of effective neuroprotective therapies for PD is crucial to altering the course of this debilitating disease. Future research should focus on multidisciplinary approaches and advancing personalized treatments based on specific biomarkers. Continued investment in research and development is essential to achieve significant advances that can substantially improve the lives of patients.