Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: General Overview and Diagnostic Strategies

Abstract

The objective of this study is to expose the importance of early diagnosis and treatment to contribute to a good prognosis. This is a narrative review of a critical and analytical nature, in research on the main concepts regarding Deep Vein Thrombosis. A review of articles was carried out in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and PubMed databases, with the following Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS): Brain; Neurology; Thrombosis. Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (CVT) is characterized by the obstruction of intracranial veins and venous sinuses, representing a relatively rare cerebrovascular condition, with a prevalence of approximately 5 cases per 1,000,000 inhabitants globally. This condition can affect individuals of any age group, including newborns, with a peak incidence in young adults, mainly between 30 and 40 years old, being more prevalent in women, with a ratio of three women for every affected man. This gender disparity can be attributed to etiological factors associated with CVT, such as the use of oral contraceptives, pregnancy and the postpartum period. The clinical signs of CVT, which are often nonspecific, highlight the importance of detailed evaluation and imaging methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance venography, for diagnostic confirmation. Treatment, which involves anticoagulation and symptomatic approaches, must be initiated quickly to optimize results and reduce associated morbidity.