Impacts of Dental Whitening on Oral Health: a literature review

Abstract

The study addresses the relationship between oral health and the possible negative impacts of tooth whitening, highlighting the growing demand for this aesthetic procedure. The desire for Western aesthetic standards has motivated the improvement of whitening techniques since the 19th century, using substances such as hydrogen peroxide and carbamide. Despite its benefits, such as increasing self-esteem and reducing stains on teeth, whitening can cause structural changes, including hypersensitivity, increased enamel porosity and greater propensity for cavities.

The mechanism of action is based on the reaction of oxygen compounds with pigments present in the teeth, resulting in the fragmentation of these molecules. This procedure can be performed in a dental office or supervised at home. However, the use of light sources to activate the whitening gel, although popular, has contested effectiveness and can generate an increase in temperature, causing damage to the pulp of the teeth.

Adverse effects include tooth sensitivity and gum irritation, more common in cases of inappropriate use or lack of professional guidance. Additionally, over-the-counter products and unsupervised homemade solutions can intensify risks due to misuse or the abrasive nature of some formulations.

It is concluded that tooth whitening is safe and efficient when carried out with precise instructions, appropriate technique and under the supervision of a professional. It is recommended to prioritize the preservation of oral health in relation to aesthetics, avoiding exaggerations that could compromise the dental structure, in addition to promoting awareness about the potential risks of the procedure.