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Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is most common in early childhood, when milk constitutes the majority of an individual's diet. The prevalence of cow's milk allergy varies considerably based on self-reported symptoms. It is estimated to affect between 1.8% and 7.5% of infants in the first year of life, demonstrating a pathology of great significance in society. The objective was to identify the negative impacts that CMPA can generate in child development, in order to reinforce the significant role that breast milk plays as a food in early life. It consisted of an exploratory integrative literature review, using the Patient, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (PICO) strategy, where P: children diagnosed with CMPA; I: not applicable; C: children who do not have a diagnosis of CMPA; O: impairment of child development. The databases used were SciELO, PUBMED and BVS. Inclusion criteria were limited to articles written in Portuguese and English, published in the last 10 years (2013 to 2024). A total of 42 potentially selectable articles were found, 19 were excluded and 23 were used, and data collection and analysis were subsequently performed. Thus, the discussion consisted of CMPA requiring drastic changes in the baby's diet and the impact on their growth and development, in addition to being very challenging for those responsible. Also, there are differences in manifestation and treatment between individuals. There are special formulas based on amino acids that are safer, or hydrolysates, which are better tolerated. Furthermore, the instruction of parents and guardians is essential for reassurance and good treatment, in addition to the need to value exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months as a protective factor. In addition, there are cases in which tolerance to milk protein develops and the possibility of reintroducing food as the child grows. In short, it is up to healthcare professionals, through a multidisciplinary team, to support this family so that results can be achieved and suffering alleviated. Furthermore, the individuality of each baby must be considered, as standardized treatment may disregard characteristics and adverse effects for that person.
Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is most common in early childhood, when milk constitutes the majority of an individual's diet. The prevalence of cow's milk allergy varies considerably based on self-reported symptoms. It is estimated to affect between 1.8% and 7.5% of infants in the first year of life, demonstrating a pathology of great significance in society. The objective was to identify the negative impacts that CMPA can generate in child development, in order to reinforce the significant role that breast milk plays as a food in early life. It consisted of an exploratory integrative literature review, using the Patient, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (PICO) strategy, where P: children diagnosed with CMPA; I: not applicable; C: children who do not have a diagnosis of CMPA; O: impairment of child development. The databases used were SciELO, PUBMED and BVS. Inclusion criteria were limited to articles written in Portuguese and English, published in the last 10 years (2013 to 2024). A total of 42 potentially selectable articles were found, 19 were excluded and 23 were used, and data collection and analysis were subsequently performed. Thus, the discussion consisted of CMPA requiring drastic changes in the baby's diet and the impact on their growth and development, in addition to being very challenging for those responsible. Also, there are differences in manifestation and treatment between individuals. There are special formulas based on amino acids that are safer, or hydrolysates, which are better tolerated. Furthermore, the instruction of parents and guardians is essential for reassurance and good treatment, in addition to the need to value exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months as a protective factor. In addition, there are cases in which tolerance to milk protein develops and the possibility of reintroducing food as the child grows. In short, it is up to healthcare professionals, through a multidisciplinary team, to support this family so that results can be achieved and suffering alleviated. Furthermore, the individuality of each baby must be considered, as standardized treatment may disregard characteristics and adverse effects for that person.
References
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