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Introduction: Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive component of Cannabis sativa, has demonstrated therapeutic potential in neurological conditions due to its anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties. This study systematically reviewed the literature on the indications of CBD in neurology. Objective: To analyze evidence on the use of CBD in neurological diseases, its mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and safety. Methodology: A qualitative review was carried out in the PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and Google Scholar databases, covering publications from 2008 to 2023. Descriptors related to CBD and neurology were used, selecting 30 relevant studies for detailed analysis. Results and Discussion: CBD has shown efficacy as an adjunctive therapy in refractory epilepsies, reducing seizures in Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes. In Parkinson's disease, it improved quality of life without aggravating motor symptoms. In multiple sclerosis, although most studied in combination with THC, isolated CBD has neuroprotective and immunomodulatory potential. In autism spectrum disorders, it has shown behavioral improvements. Its mechanisms of action involve multiple neurochemical pathways, including modulation of serotonergic and vanilloid receptors. The safety profile is favorable, but there is a risk of drug interactions. Final Considerations: CBD is a promising alternative in neurology, but it faces limitations such as studies with small sample sizes and lack of dose standardization. Legal and regulatory issues impact access to treatment. Future research should determine optimal doses, evaluate long-term safety, and deepen the understanding of the mechanisms of action to effectively integrate CBD into clinical practice.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Gustavo Bresciani Rossi, Júlia Ribeiro Ferreira, Isabele Cristina Zwang, Vinicius Abe Dantas, Sophie Hemmi Ferreira, Gabriel Borges Gonçalves, Valentina Melo Terra, Isabela Bekari Souza Walter
