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Introduction: Congenital orthopedic diseases represent a set of conditions that affect the musculoskeletal system and are present from birth. Among them, developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), congenital clubfoot and congenital scoliosis stand out, each with its own diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Early diagnosis and effective treatment of these conditions are crucial to ensuring adequate development and quality of life for affected children. Objectives: Analyze the main challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital orthopedic diseases in children and adolescents. Methodology: For data collection, resources from the following repositories were used: Nursing Database (BDENF), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), PubMed and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS). Various sources were analyzed, including scientific articles, monographs and periodicals, to extract relevant information on the topic. Results and Discussions: The challenges in diagnosing and treating congenital orthopedic diseases in children and adolescents are mainly the difficulty in identifying these conditions early due to the overlap of symptoms with normal aspects of development and the complexity of musculoskeletal anomalies. Treatment requires a specialized and often multidisciplinary approach, with pediatricians playing a crucial role in screening and referral to specialists, and orthopedists adapting their strategies to changes during growth and the transition to adolescence. Overcoming these challenges requires ongoing training of healthcare professionals and the implementation of rigorous screening protocols, as well as effective collaboration between different specialties to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Conclusion: In conclusion, the management of congenital orthopedic diseases in children and adolescents demands an integrated and specialized approach due to the complexity of diagnoses and the impact of conditions during growth. Early identification and effective treatment are essential to prevent future complications and ensure the best possible development.
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