Keywords
Epidemiology
Circulatory system diseases
Incidence
How to Cite
Abstract
Pulmonary embolism occurs when an embolus blocks the pulmonary arteries, often as a result of deep vein thrombosis. The condition is severe, with high morbidity and mortality and nonspecific clinical signs, which makes diagnosis difficult. Risk factors include previous deep vein thrombosis, prolonged immobilization, and obesity, highlighting the need for early diagnosis to reduce complications. This article aims to analyze the epidemiological profile of pulmonary embolism in Brazil from 2013 to 2023, using data from the SUS Hospital Information System. The observational, retrospective, and descriptive study showed a reduction in the pulmonary embolism mortality rate, but a significant increase in hospitalizations. A total of 100,881 hospitalizations were recorded, predominantly in the Southeast Region, but with a progressive increase in the Northeast. Most hospitalizations occurred in the elderly (51%), with a higher incidence in women (61.1%) and whites (57.8%). 18,658 deaths were recorded, with an increase of 46% between 2013 and 2023, most of them occurred in individuals over 60 years of age (69.4%), women (59%), whites (43.7%) and browns (29%). There were more deaths in the Southeast (54.8%), while the Northeast had the highest mortality rate (24.02). Comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, aggravate the clinical condition and increase the chances of hospitalization. There are regional disparities in Brazil, with higher mortality rates in regions with poor sanitary infrastructure. Aging increases the risk of pulmonary embolism, increasing hospitalization among the elderly. Women are more susceptible to thromboembolic diseases, but men have higher mortality. Racial differences in pulmonary embolism incidence and mortality show greater lethality among blacks. We conclude that more research is needed to understand the pulmonary embolism scenario in Brazil, as well as the need for public policies that consider regional disparities, aging and gender and race differences.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Ráysson Ribeiro da Costa, Esthela Ferreira Araujo Vieira, Rafaela Rayane Aguiar, Michely Laiany Vieira Moura