Dermatitis Atópica: ¿Un Factor de Riesgo para la Salud Cardiovascular?

Abstract

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disease, significantly affects both children and adults, with increasing incidence rates. Literature suggests a possible connection between AD and cardiovascular risk, highlighting chronic inflammation as a crucial link. Objective: This article seeks to examine the existing literature on the potential of AD as a cardiovascular risk factor. Methodology: An extensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Cochrane, focusing on studies from 2018 to 2024. The review included original research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Results: AD is correlated with a high prevalence in children and adults, with systemic impacts extending beyond the skin. Recent studies have associated AD with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and increased cardiovascular risk, particularly in severe cases. Furthermore, proper management of inflammation through treatments such as corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors suggests a potential reduction in cardiovascular risk. Discussion: Systemic inflammation is an important mediator linking AD to cardiovascular risk, especially in moderate to severe cases. Alteration of the lipid profile in patients with AD is a potential mechanism through which cardiovascular risk may increase. Treatment strategies that reduce this inflammation are crucial for dual improvement: dermatological relief and reduction in cardiovascular comorbidities. Conclusion: The findings highlight the relationship between AD and increased cardiovascular risk, driven by inflammation and altered lipid profiles. Effective therapeutic interventions can not only improve dermatological quality of life but also mitigate cardiovascular risks.