Skin Injuries in Athletes: Identification, Prevention, and Treatment

Abstract

The review aims to highlight the main dermatological pathologies affecting athletes, as well as to address strategies for preventing these conditions. This is a critical and analytical narrative review focused on the main concepts related to the primary dermatological pathologies that affect athletes. A review of articles was conducted using the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and PubMed databases, with the following Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS): Athletes; Skin Disease; Sport. Various dermatological lesions are linked to sports practice. The main lesions can be categorized into four subgroups: neoplastic, mechanical, inflammatory, and secondary to nutritional changes. Regular physical activity is known to reduce the risk of different types of cancer; however, when performed under prolonged sun exposure, especially during peak ultraviolet radiation (UVR) hours and with lightweight clothing, it can increase the likelihood of skin cancer. Athletes engaged in water sports, such as swimming, surfing, kayaking, and sailing, face additional risks due to the higher reflectivity of water and sand. Although the benefits of sports practice are widely recognized, participation without appropriate protective measures can lead to the emergence of skin pathologies. Mechanical trauma, exposure to environmental and infectious agents, contact with the skin of other athletes, and the diet of these individuals are associated with the development of dermatoses.