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Abstract
Euphorbia tirucalli (Avelós) is a hardy, milky plant of African origin, with multiple uses in traditional medicine due to its antimicrobial activity. The latex of E. tirucalli has gained scientific recognition for its microbicidal action against bacteria of significant relevance in hospital infections, where bacterial resistance has progressively intensified in the current context of public health. The present study was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory role of the plant extract on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, through an integrative literature review of previous studies regarding the bioactivity of this euphorbiaceous plant. The compound ampelopsin exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli that surpassed that of tetracycline. Scopletin, gallic acid, and piperic acid are compounds from E. tirucalli that also displayed activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more sensitive to the methanolic extracts than Klebsiella pneumoniae. Salmonella typhi, Citrobacter freundii, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Serratia odorifera also demonstrated sensitivity to the constituents of the plant in in vitro experiments. Thus, the latex of Euphorbia tirucalli demonstrates a robust therapeutic arsenal, potentially contributing profusely to the development of new antibiotics.
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