Care and Treatment of Patients with Dementia: An Evidence-Based Approach Focused on Non-Pharmacological Measures

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases, particularly dementia, pose an increasing challenge to global health, leading to greater interest in non-pharmacological interventions such as music therapy and information and communication technologies (ICT), which have shown benefits in improving cognitive functions and reducing behavioral symptoms, although with variable evidence and a need for personalized approaches. Studies also suggest that omega-3 supplementation may reduce the risk of dementia, highlighting the importance of biomarkers and the interaction between genetics and diet. Non-pharmacological interventions for sleep disorders and the use of Ginkgo biloba extract showed positive effects, but the lack of consistency and robustness in the evidence necessitates more rigorous research. Additionally, animal-assisted and robotic interventions may improve behavioral aspects but require more rigorous methodologies. Computerized cognitive training and exergaming have demonstrated potential in enhancing cognitive performance, yet they still need validation in larger studies. Thus, there is a consensus on the importance of developing adaptable and well-founded interventions for managing dementia, prioritizing non-pharmacological approaches.