O Papel dos Inibidores de SGLT2 no Tratamento de Doenças Cardiometabólicas: Uma Revisão

Abstract

Sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as an innovative therapeutic class in the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases, offering benefits beyond glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to review the current evidence on the role of SGLT2 inhibitors in managing cardiometabolic diseases, exploring their mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and therapeutic implications. We conducted a systematic literature review using electronic databases up to April 2023, selecting relevant studies that addressed the effects of these medications on cardiovascular and renal outcomes. The results indicate that SGLT2 inhibitors provide significant benefits in reducing major adverse cardiovascular events, hospitalizations for heart failure, and the progression of chronic kidney disease. Mechanisms such as hemodynamic modulation, improvement of myocardial energy metabolism, reduction of oxidative stress, and positive influence on mitochondrial function were identified as contributing factors to these beneficial effects. Studies also suggest the efficacy of these agents in non-diabetic populations and in combination with other cardiometabolic therapies, expanding their therapeutic potential. The discussion highlights the importance of understanding the multiple mechanisms by which SGLT2 inhibitors act, emphasizing the need for further research to explore their use in different populations and clinical conditions. Despite the promising benefits, limitations such as the lack of data in certain populations and long-term safety concerns are acknowledged. We conclude that SGLT2 inhibitors represent a significant advancement in the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases, with the potential to improve clinical outcomes and patients' quality of life. Continued studies are recommended to optimize their use and integrate these agents into current clinical guidelines.