Um Perfil epidemiológico da Tuberculose Miliar nos anos de 2019 a 2023 no Brasil

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily transmitted through respiratory pathways. Each year, over 10 million people contract TB, with higher prevalence among men and adults, especially in pulmonary forms. A severe variant is miliary tuberculosis, resulting from an inadequate immune response, common in immunocompromised patients, such as those with AIDS. An observational, descriptive, and analytical study was conducted on hospitalizations for miliary tuberculosis in Brazil between 2019 and 2023. The research uses data from the Hospital Information System of SUS (SIH/SUS) and the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), focusing on variables such as number of hospitalizations, sex, region, age group, race, immigrant status, comorbidities, and other factors. Among the 6,541 confirmed cases, the majority occurred in the Southeast (2,324) and in men (71.7%). The most affected age group was 20-59 years (78%). Miliary tuberculosis was associated with comorbidities such as AIDS, alcoholism, and diabetes. New cases accounted for 78% of notifications, indicating challenges in early diagnosis and treatment adherence. The analysis contributes to public policies and epidemiological surveillance. The predominance of new cases highlights the importance of early detection and access to healthcare services. The disparity among demographic groups, such as sex and race, underscores the need for public policies aimed at reducing social inequalities. The study emphasizes the importance of robust epidemiological surveillance and an integrated approach to controlling miliary tuberculosis in the country.