CIRURGIA SEM ANTIBIÓTICOS: UM FUTURO POSSÍVEL OU IMPRUDENTE?
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Keywords

Cirurgia, Antibióticos, Resistência antimicrobiana, Prevenção de infecções, Terapias alternativas.

How to Cite

Barreto, K. S., Rossi, D., Silva, L. M. G., Veiga, M. I. R. S., Biondo, E. G., Figueiredo, H. Z., Santos, N. de A. R. dos, Castro, G. de, Rodrigues, E. C. G., Carvalho, M. G. P. de, Pedroso, G. G. C., Morelli, J. G., & Dutra, J. M. (2024). CIRURGIA SEM ANTIBIÓTICOS: UM FUTURO POSSÍVEL OU IMPRUDENTE?. Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences, 6(10), 1295–1308. https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2024v6n10p1295-1308

Abstract

Desde a introdução da penicilina nos anos 1940, os antibióticos revolucionaram o tratamento de infecções bacterianas, especialmente em cirurgias. O uso profilático de antibióticos reduziu significativamente a mortalidade e complicações pós-operatórias, permitindo avanços importantes na medicina cirúrgica. Contudo, o uso indiscriminado e prolongado dessas drogas ao longo das décadas tem contribuído para o surgimento de bactérias resistentes, criando uma crise de saúde pública global. A resistência antimicrobiana tornou-se um desafio significativo, levando a infecções mais difíceis de tratar, maiores taxas de morbidade e aumento nos custos hospitalares. A comunidade médica, diante desse cenário, passou a buscar alternativas para a prevenção de infecções cirúrgicas sem o uso de antibióticos. Tecnologias emergentes, como terapias baseadas em bacteriófagos, nanotecnologia aplicada a biomateriais e modulação imunológica, oferecem novas possibilidades. Por exemplo, os bacteriófagos podem ser usados para combater infecções resistentes, enquanto a nanotecnologia pode criar superfícies antimicrobianas para instrumentos cirúrgicos. Ainda que essas abordagens representem avanços promissores, elas estão em estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento e apresentam desafios técnicos e clínicos. Paralelamente, otimizar a assepsia em ambientes cirúrgicos pode ajudar a reduzir a dependência de antibióticos, mas a implementação de uma cirurgia completamente livre desses medicamentos é complexa. Nesse contexto, é imprudente sugerir a abolição total dos antibióticos no curto prazo, dado seu significativo papel na segurança de cirurgias de alto risco, como transplantes de órgãos e cirurgias oncológicas. Uma abordagem equilibrada, que combine o uso racional de antibióticos com o desenvolvimento e a implementação gradual de novas tecnologias, representa o caminho mais promissor para enfrentar os desafios da resistência antimicrobiana no cenário cirúrgico.

https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2024v6n10p1295-1308
PDF (Português (Brasil))

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Copyright (c) 2024 Kauan Scheffer Barreto, Daiana Rossi, Leonardo Marcusso Gomes Silva, Maria Isabel Ribeiro Spilka Veiga, Eduardo Geribolla Biondo, Heloísa Zagoto Figueiredo, Nathalia de Almeida Romero dos Santos, Gabriela de Castro, Emilene Caroline Gonçalves Rodrigues, Mayara Gabriela Pereira de Carvalho, Grazielly Genero Cardoso Pedroso, Josiania Gesualdo Morelli, Jaqueline Martins Dutra