Clinical Criteria for Myocardial Revascularization: A Comparison Between Saphenous Vein and Mammary Artery Grafts

Abstract

Myocardial revascularization is a critical intervention in the treatment of coronary artery disease, aiming to restore adequate blood flow to the heart. This article reviews the clinical criteria for selecting between the use of the saphenous vein and the internal mammary artery as grafts in this procedure. The internal mammary artery is widely recognized for its superior durability and better long-term outcomes, being preferred in younger patients with lower surgical risk. However, the saphenous vein remains a viable option, especially in cases requiring multiple grafts or in patients with significant comorbidities. The literature review highlights the need for a personalized approach, considering the individual characteristics of the patient as well as technological advancements and minimally invasive surgical techniques. The article concludes that the decision on the type of graft should be based on a thorough evaluation of clinical and anatomical factors, aiming to optimize long-term outcomes and improve patients' quality of life. Future research should focus on personalized treatment and the assessment of postoperative quality of life.