THE MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN: THE ROLE OF THE PHYSICIAN IN PHARMACOLOGICAL AND NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACHES

Abstract

Chronic pain is a condition that affects millions of people worldwide and is one of the leading causes of physical and emotional disability. The aim of this study is to review the main therapeutic strategies used in the management of chronic pain, focusing on pharmacological approaches, such as analgesics, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and opioids, and non-pharmacological interventions, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), physical therapy, and acupuncture. The methodology involved an integrative literature review using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases, considering studies published between 2007 and 2020. The results indicate that pharmacological approaches provide relief but have limitations such as adverse effects and risks of dependence, especially with opioid use. Non-pharmacological interventions demonstrated efficacy in reducing pain and improving patient functionality, with CBT and acupuncture highlighted as effective approaches. The physician's role is crucial in coordinating treatment, personalizing interventions, and integrating a multidisciplinary team to optimize outcomes. It is concluded that the management of chronic pain requires a multidimensional and personalized approach, with the physician playing a central role in the evaluation and coordination of care. Combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies is essential for effective pain control and improving patients' quality of life, reinforcing the importance of an integrated and patient-centered approach.