PREVENÇÃO DE DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS NO CONTEXTO DA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE

Abstract

The review of chronic disease prevention strategies in Primary Health Care (PHC) highlights
the proven efficacy of various approaches. Glycemic self-management programs and lifestyle
modifications for type 2 diabetes have shown strong evidence of reducing hemoglobin A1c
levels and related complications. Interventions such as the DASH diet, regular blood pressure
monitoring, and physical activity programs have demonstrated effectiveness in managing
hypertension, contributing to decreased blood pressure and improved cardiovascular
outcomes. For cardiovascular diseases, smoking cessation and cholesterol management,
coupled with physical activity promotion, have been effective in preventing events such as
heart attacks and strokes. In the case of obesity, a combination of dietary and exercise
interventions, supported by nutritional counseling, has proven effective in promoting weight
loss and reducing associated risks. For chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma and
COPD, smoking cessation programs and control of indoor pollutants, along with
pharmacological management, are essential in reducing the severity of these conditions.
Chronic kidney disease benefits from regular monitoring and strict control of blood pressure
and blood glucose levels, slowing disease progression.

Regarding cancer, screening programs and vaccination have a significant impact on the early
detection and prevention of cancers such as breast, cervical, and HPV-related cancers.
Mental health interventions, including for depression and anxiety, when combined with
psychological counseling and social support, have shown effectiveness in reducing symptoms
and improving overall patient well-being.

Practical implications for PHC include the need to implement continuous training programs
for healthcare professionals and public policies that support the adoption of preventive
interventions, ensuring adequate funding and resource access. The integration of
educational, behavioral, and pharmacological approaches is essential to maximize
intervention efficacy. Future research should focus on interventions tailored to vulnerable
groups, such as the elderly and ethnic minorities, and explore the use of technologies, such
as health apps and telemedicine, to support chronic disease prevention. A continuous and
integrated approach to chronic disease prevention is crucial, with PHC playing a central role
in coordinating care and promoting positive long-term health outcomes. Community
involvement is fundamental to the effectiveness of prevention strategies.