Keywords
Drugs
Human Gastrointestinal System
Gut brain-axis
How to Cite
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiota plays a fundamental role in food degradation and organismal homeostasis. Age, social factors, medication use, and even diet can influence and modify the abundance and diversity of the bacteria that compose it. Most medications cause alterations in the intestinal microbiota, resulting in an increase in the abundance of some taxa and a decrease in others. This effect is not only due to antibiotics but also various other classes such as proton pump inhibitors, narcotic, antidepressants, antiparkinsonian drugs, and chemotherapeutics. This study aims to compare articles to produce a literature review on the interaction of major pharmacological classes with the human intestinal microbiota. It is observed that the intestinal microbiota communicates with the brain through the gut-brain axis, influencing mood, cognition, and behavior. Its formation begins at birth, being shaped by delivery mode, type of diet, and exposure to antibiotics, among other factors. Throughout life, the composition stabilizes, and with advanced age, an imbalance may occur, favoring the development of diseases. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota can cause a range of problems such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, inflammatory diseases, and even cancer. Additionally, microbiota can influence drug responses and drugs can modified its composition. Antibiotics, for example, can cause dysbiosis, while other drugs like metformin can have their effects modulated by the microbiota. Thus, the intestinal microbiota is an essential component of our health, influencing various aspects of our organism. It is important to highlight that better understanding of the relationship between microbiota and health can help in the development of studies regarding new therapeutic and preventive approaches to various diseases.
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